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Average trait values of four environments were used.
The average trait value of each accession was used in data analyses of GWAS.
The evolutionary response is symbolized as R, and is calculated as the average trait value in the current generation (offspring) subtracted from the average trait value in the previous generation (parents).
We show how using simple regression models in conjunction with external data such as average trait values can improve the power of genome-wide association studies.
Both figures plot average trait value between the two parents (mid-parent trait value) and the trait values for each resulting offspring.
We calculated the average phenotypic score and variance associated with it in this generation and determined the evolutionary response (R) to selection as the average trait value in the current generation subtracted from the average trait value in the previous generation prior to selection.
Similar(14)
Some authors consider only consistent, directional change within lineages to constitute a trend, but a broader definition that allows for changes in average traits within entire clades is used in this article.
For example, whereas an ethnic or racial group may have certain "average" traits--a shared faith, or certain cultural norms--the diversity within a group is usually larger than the differences between groups.
Among communities, functional diversity increases ecosystem multifunctionality, but community-average trait values are emerging as important drivers of ecosystem services with greater potential to produce tradeoffs when compared to functional diversity.
Although no evidence of significant bias was detected, the value of β derived from RR BLUP was slightly higher for all traits (average across traits equal to 1.18).
Both the canonical correlation analyses (Table 3) and linear correlation analysis (Table 4) of averaged traits established a relationship between genetic diversity and climatic variability among source populations.
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