Exact(2)
In what follows, we formalise this notion in terms of the entropy or average surprise associated with a probability distribution on an agent's state-space.
The basic idea is that adaptive agents occupy a compact part of this space and therefore minimise the average surprise associated with finding itself in unlikely states (cf, a fish out of water - sic).
Similar(6)
The surprise associated with "wow" moments is one of the most effective sales tactics.
Thus the surprise associated with an error is log2(1/ pe) and with a correct is log2(1/ pc).
The information content of a variable, also known as the entropy, is then the average surprise.
The free-energy principle asserts that any adaptive change made by a biological system or organism must minimize its long-term average surprise.
In contrast entropy is the average surprise over all possible outcomes and, therefore, is a measure of uncertainty about an event before it occurs.
Some surprise factors associated with diabetes.
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