Another way of defining the slope that takes into account intrinsic neuronal integration times would be as an average quantity integrated over a certain time window.
Normalized quantity of each target gene is expressed as the ratio of the relative amount of target gene over the average quantity of the three housekeeping genes.
The model itself has an advantage over models of average quantities, in that it captures fluctuations of the dynamic variables.
Nevertheless, one should bear in mind that the level of transcription merely represents the present activity of gene expression, whereas the estimated degree of substitutional asymmetries is a time-averaged quantity, averaged over the period between the age of the youngest and the age of the oldest repeat family used in the estimation procedure.
The ratio of the average quantities of released benzene and toluene (R) was determined for the fibres stored over the 12 months.
Averaging this quantity over all lengths of δs provides a measure of the average amount of the original direction retained in the new direction: ⟨ v s)· v(s + δs)⟩ s = ⟨(cos θ tip (s, s + δs)⟩ s, where the subscript s indicates an average over all possible lengths δs.
Then we average these quantities over all the initial conditions to obtain the average error of the j-th combination of attributes, namely (7) E j = 1 100 ∑ i = 1 100 Y i, j, which we use to determine the accuracy of the method.
We average these quantities over 10runs for each parameter set to generate Figure 7.
The optimism was estimated as the average of this quantity over all bootstrapped samples.
It can be shown that for all but a set of measure zero of initial points, the time average of a phase quantity over infinite time will equal its phase average.
The first two measures, φlow and Alow, were calculated by averaging the respective quantities over a frequency range of 0.1 0.2 kHz.
