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As shown, the waves satisfy orthogonality relations whose physical meaning is related to the additivity of the average power flow.
The methodology is tested on IEEE 30 bus system, wherein average power flow pattern is established by running various simulation states on congested and un-congested network conditions.
The ensemble average power flow may be significantly less than that expected from a "normal" SEA approach due to power re-radiation, especially for a lightly damped receiving subsystem and strong coupling.
Average power flow (W m−2).
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The transmitted light was collected from the right side of the bus waveguide which is defined as T = Pout/Pin, where Pin = ∫PoavzdS 1 and Pout = ∫PoavzdS 2; Poavzd is the z component of time-average power flow.
The dashed (horizontal) line indicates the average power, average flow, and averaged smoothed flow for each trajectory.
Computational studies of the effects of random geometric perturbations of coupled beams and plates on frequency-band average vibrational power flow, and on derived coupling loss factors, are presented.
Figure 3 Average utility versus average power: heavily smoothed flow (top, dashed), and lightly smoothed flow (bottom).
As the authors Di Liberto and Ciofalo suggest in their work about numerical analysis of turbulent flows in curved pipes [8], the Nusselt number is obtained as a function of the average outgoing or incoming power flow across the exchange surface (q w), as a function of average temperature of the same surface (T w) and the average temperature of the entire fluid volume (T b).
We compare the average power required by each flow to generate a given average utility.
All SEM images were of samples collected at 8 MHz repetition rate, 15 W average power, 10 SCFH nitrogen flow rate, and varying dwell times of 2 and 10 ms.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com