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As an additional, simple metric of relative divergence times, we also calculated average pairwise sequence divergence between selected Cuculus lineages using substitution models and parameter values as determined by jModelTest (Table 1).
Using average pairwise sequence difference (PD) as summary statistic reflecting the genetic diversity within our data we assessed the probability of sampling a similarly low genetic diversity by chance.
We generated a multiple alignment of diverse Aspergillus genomes with an average pairwise sequence identity of 58%, which is close to the optimal level of sequence identity for searching for RNAs.
Using average pairwise sequence difference as a summary statistic reflecting the genetic diversity within sample points we found little support for the two youngest sample points (modern and 11,500 cal.
We chose the number of segregating sites, average pairwise sequence difference and nucleotide diversity as summary statistics, because of their ability to unveil different aspects of population history [83].
Washietl and Hofacker [22] plotted the average z-scores of structural and sequence-based pairwise alignments of SRP RNAs versus pairwise identity and showed that there is a peak in the z-scores for sequence-based alignments around 60% average pairwise sequence identity; z-scores dropped off for both higher and lower levels of sequence identity.
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The standard practice of omitting unresolved genotypes from downstream analyses can lead to considerable reductions in overall phylogenetic diversity that is skewed towards the loss of alleles with larger-than-average pairwise sequence divergences, and in turn, this causes systematic bias in estimates of important population genetic parameters.
Average pairwise-sequence diversity was calculated for all five pairs of clones.
Remaining parts of multiple sequence alignments were inspected for low-quality regions: Any sequence containing greater than 25% gaps, greater than 5% of unknown amino acids (denoted as X) or with average pairwise (the sequence with any other sequence in the alignment) Hamming distance greater than 0.7 were deleted from the alignment.
The average pairwise DNA sequence identity was 79% and 82% within the scFv and polymerase variants, respectively.
The average pairwise DNA sequence identity was 79% within the 24 member scFv dataset and 82% within the 21 member polymerase dataset.
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