Exact(7)
The centerline stress is the average normal stress at the center of the deformation zone.
In the atomic-level stress analysis, the average normal stress along the thickness direction and the average mean biaxial stress are considered.
The contact mechanical solutions adopted are first order and when these are combined with simple models of the particle-wall morphology they provide a means of predicting the wall traction and its variation with the average normal stress.
The Austrian-American applied mathematician Richard von Mises proposed in 1913 that a mathematically simpler theory of plasticity than that based on the Tresca yield criterion could be based on the second tensor invariant of the deviatoric stresses (i.e., of the total stresses minus those of a hydrostatic state in which pressure is equal to the average normal stress over all planes).
His experiments on the compression and indentation of metals led him to propose that this type of plasticity, in contrast to that in soils, was essentially independent of the average normal stress in the material and dependent only on shear stresses, a feature later rationalized by the dislocation mechanism.
Comparison of the predicted interfacial shear stresses and average normal stresses to finite element analysis demonstrates that this shear-lag model can be used to rapidly estimate the average normal stress distribution in the various constituents, although the interfacial shear stresses are less accurate.
Similar(53)
Since K0 parameter in Eq. (1) controls the average normal stresses on the pipe, a parametric study is performed using DEM to investigate the effect of different soil and pipe parameters on the pullout resistance and to propose a suitable expression for K0 (K* hereafter).
Attempts have been made to relate the extent of deactivation with the flow pattern (maximum and average value of turbulent energy dissipation rate, average shear rate and average turbulent normal stress).
The extent of cellulase deactivation has been found to correlate well with the average turbulent normal stress within the stirred vessel.
The rate of deactivation was found to be depending on the average turbulent normal stress and interfacial flow parameters such as bubble diameter and bubble rise velocity.
When defining an average stress criterion for the free edges delamination initiation in composite laminates, assumptions have to be made with regard to the average interlaminar normal stress contribution.
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