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Average measurement errors for DB-dynamic (< 7%) compared to DB-Einstein at both wavelengths are similar to those obtained for optical properties (< 6%) during both experiments (see Table 2), suggesting the influence of optical properties on DB.
Overall, average measurement errors of μa and μs′ were small during μa (< 4%) and μs′ (< 6%) variations (see Table 2), which are in agreement with those found in previous studies using frequency-domain spatially resolved NIRS [ 44, 45].
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More specifically, > 95% of average PEs were within ± 2 μg/m of measured PM10, and ± 0.5 μg/m of measured PM2.5, an average measurement error that we considered acceptable.
The average measurement error was ~0.015% for both the sphericity and concentricity, which is insufficient for ascertaining the quality of high specification IFE targets shells.
Results show excellent performance, with an average measurement error of less than 70 μm, below 0.09% of the real measurement value.
Item strata are calculated using the following formula (Beglar, 2010): Item strata = 4 Gitem + 1 / 3. where Gitem is the Rasch item separation value (derived by dividing the item standard deviations by the average measurement error).
Kepler calculated and recalculated various approximations of Mars' orbit using an equant (the mathematical tool that Copernicus had eliminated with his system), eventually creating a model that generally agreed with Tycho's observations to within two arcminutes (the average measurement error).
Moreover, assuming an average measurement error of 0.1, we cannot reject the assumption that the bottleneck always involves a single clone.
However, while previous estimates suggest that an average error of 0.1 for the XCI is an overestimation, this scenario appeared to fit the data better (2ΔlogL = 6.6, p = 0.01 compared to the best scenario assuming an average measurement error of 0.05).
Precision and "average measurement error" are independent [ 16].
S.E.M., standard error of the mean expressed as percentage of the mean; Spot Error, estimate of the average measurement error for all spots for the given reporter across the 4 technical replicates.
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