(B ) Average lick rate for all animals during each trial type.
We found that the lick rates were relatively stable within blocks, in contrast to the build-up and build-down of firing rates.
The trained animal, thus, forms an expectation of the presence S+ through learning and uses it (e.g., to adjust lick rates) even before perceiving the sensory stimuli.
(C ) Mean ± S.E.M. lick rate during the delay between CS and US as a function of trial within block.
(B ) Ad libitum-fed mice also increased licking for Ensure in response to optogenetic photostimulation of AgRP neurons, even when head-restrained (Top: individual single-session examples from 5 separate mice; Bottom: mean ± SEM of lick rate from 5 mice).
At all doses tested, remoxipride had no effect on the measures of ethanol consumption (e.g., total intake, lick latency, lick rate) in either experiment.
(B ) Pearson correlation coefficient of trial-by-trial lick rate and spike rate across serotonergic neurons.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06346.009 10.7554/eLiFigure46.010 Figure 3 figure supplement 3. ( A ) Trial-by-trial scatter plot of lick rate against spike rate for an example serotonergic neuron.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.06346.003 10.7554/eLiFigure46.004 Figure 1 figure supplement 1. Histogram of lick rate during tones indicating block transitions, for experiments in which reward blocks alternated with punishment blocks.
The videotapes were used to obtain licking rates for each animal at each taping session.
