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The idea is that, within a given country, people with higher incomes are more likely to be happy, and yet, for the most part, the average level of happiness doesn't vary much from rich countries and poor countries.
Using a difference-in-difference design, we find that the average level of happiness declined substantially in areas that experience war directly, with the drop in happiness being roughly comparable to the loss of happiness a relatively well-off person would experience if he/she were to become a poor person.
To explore the relationship between happiness and depression, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) also were administered.The participants' average level of happiness, determined using a 100-mm visual analogue scale (VAS) of the HQ, was 64.7±26.0.
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Although we know a little about influences on the happiness of individuals within a population, we know next to nothing about what determines national average levels of happiness.
This assumption is contradicted by consistent survey findings that when everyone's income grows at about the same rate, average levels of happiness remain the same.
Children are a deterrent to splitting up, at least initially, so this may bias the results, but even so, overall 55% of couples without children had higher than average levels of happiness with their relationship compared with 45% of parents.
Americans, though, buck the conventional wisdom that average levels of happiness do not increase as a society gets richer.
Indeed, the average level of self-reported happiness, or "subjective well-being," appears to have been flat going all the way back to the nineteen-fifties, when real per-capita income was less than half what it is today.
The average level of agreement was 95%.
At the end of the sessions, participants reported that their average levels of stress had decreased by two points, and while happiness had increased by three points.
A month before receiving the bonus, which averaged about $5,000, the employees were asked to rate their level of happiness.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com