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Specifically, a rise of 1% in literacy scores relative to the international average is associated with an eventual 2.5% relative rise in labour productivity and a 1.5% rise in GDP per head.These are much clearer effects than those found in previous studies.
Overall, "spending an additional 60 min daily commuting above average is associated with a 6percentt decrease in aggregate health-related activities and spending an additional 120 min is associated with a 12percentt decrease," researchers wrote in the Journal of Urban Health study.
Additionally, a copy number of the CCL3L1-containing segmental duplication that is higher than the population average is associated with increased leukocyte chemoattraction [29], circulating levels of CCL3 [27] and CCL3L1 transcript (data not shown).
While most econometric studies find that liberalization on average is associated with growth, this positive relationship 'is neither automatically guaranteed nor universally observable' [ 72].
Although earlier menarche is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, it is unclear whether older age at menarche beyond the average is associated with lower risk.
For instance, cohort studies in humans have shown that leg lengths 3-4 mm above the average is associated with a 80% higher risk of non-smoking cancers.
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Given the body of evidence suggesting that corporate political spending and lobbying, on average, are associated with higher shareholder returns, these funds would be well-advised to rethink their focus on this issue.
Fibrinogen concentration levels above the average were associated with a 5-fold increase in the odds of HS-CTnT ponlyivity only among individuals with financial strain (N = 208, OR = 4.73, 95%CI = 1.67 to 13.40, P = 0.003).
Managers who attempt to be guided by such research can only hope that they'll be lucky that if they acquire the recommended attributes (which on average are associated with success), somehow they too will find themselves similarly blessed with success.
Based on 2012 data from PISA, OECD showed that "overall, the relationship between computer use at school and performance is graphically illustrated by a hill shape, which suggests that limited use of computers at school may be better than no use at all, but levels of computer use above the current OECD average are associated with significantly poorer results" (OECD 2015, p. 146).
Among the AIDS-free untreated adolescents, the CD4+ T-cell trajectory from one visit to the next in the absence of any ART therapy (i.e. every 3 months on average) was associated with multiple SNP genotypes.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com