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Similarly as for GSA-Tumor, if a gene set consists of multiple genes an average expression is computed for the total gene set, taking consideration to gene weights if supplied.
Average expression is a measure of reads mapped per sample.
All genes are centered so that average expression is zero before clustering.
The average expression is highest in the hypothalamus (2.89 FPKM), lowest in the cerebellum (0.19 FPKM), and intermediate in the hippocampus (1.98 FPKM), and Neocortex (1.04 FPKM).
For those DE pseudogenes, the average expression is 3.9 RPKM across all eight samples, while for protein coding genes, the average is as high as 31.6 RPKM.
One important working assumption in this framework is that average expression is approximately equal across autosomes, therefore "complete" dosage compensation should yield X A (or Z A) expression ratios of approximately 1 in both sexes (Nguyen and Disteche 2006; Mank 2009, 2013; Vicoso and Bachtrog 2011; Walters and Hardcastle 2011; Smith et al. 2014).
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We considered a certain gene in a given sample as expressed only if the log2 of its average expression was greater than a pre-specified threshold.
In testis, average expression was not particularly high, and very few highly expressed genes were found, none corresponding to ORs previously implicated in sperm chemotaxis.
Compared to β-1,4-galactosyltransferases the average expression was low for β-1,3-galactosyltransferases in both breeds.
Genes with expression values <100 were considered to be unexpressed, and genes whose average expression were <100 were excluded from our analysis.
Raw expression data were normalized to a target intensity of 500 to account for differences in global chip intensity, and expression values were then transformed using the logarithm base 2. Probe sets with very low average expression were eliminated because their expression measurements were not reliable.
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