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The random daytime (RDT) sampling method was employed for the assessment of average exposure on Cu, Ni and Pb, connected with the consumption of drinking water in a large water supply zone.
For CO two participants had lower average exposure on the high-traffic route.
For UFPM and BC, three participants had lower average exposure on the high-traffic route.
For apparent temperature and for PM10, we calculated the average exposure on the day of delivery and the day before, and we allowed for non-linear associations with preterm birth by using natural cubic splines.
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Due to the heterogeneity of our study sample, we did not have access to individual on-call schedules and we tried to get insight into the participants' average exposure to on-call duties by means of multiple items on average exposure.
Our findings suggest associations between weekly average exposures of PM2.5 on markers of oxidative stress and OC on IL-6 levels.
In these analyses, we defined the hazard period as 1, 2, or 3 days before the day of death (lag days 1, 2, and 3, respectively) or as the moving-average exposure on 2 (event day and lag day 1) or 3 (event day and lag days 1 and 2) consecutive days.
Analyses were repeated using time-weighted average exposure to arsenic on the basis of addresses occupied from 1970 for all cohort members regardless of age.
If this was really the case could not be determined because we had no data on average exposure to sporting activities per child or municipality.
However, a follow-up study (Peters et al. 2009) showed that FGB rs1800790 modified the effect of a 5-day average exposure to ambient PM on circulating fibrinogen levels.
We focused on the average exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 2.5 in the 12 months prior to the outcome of interest because a previous study has shown that to be the most relevant exposure (Schwartz et al. 2008).
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