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The average production of the Madeira River Andean catchment is estimated at 640 Mt yr−1 (±30%), the corresponding sediment yield for the Andes is estimated at 3000 t km−2 yr−1 (±30%), and the average denudation rate is estimated at 1.20 mm yr−1 (±30%).
Based on cosmogenic 10Be and 26Al analyses in 15 individual detrital quartz pebbles (16 21 mm) and cosmogenic 10Be in amalgamated medium sand (0.25 0.50 mm), all collected from the outlet of the upper Gaub River catchment in Namibia, quartz pebbles yield a substantially lower average denudation rate than those yielded by the amalgamated sand sample.
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In most previous studies, only a single nuclide, typically 10Be, is measured for determination of catchment-averaged denudation rate.
The catchment-averaged denudation rate of site ABK-R1 is 123 ± 14 and 114 ± 18 mm/kyr, as obtained from 10Be and 26Al, respectively.
In contrast, the amalgamated sand yields an average 10Be concentration of 0.77 ± 0.03 × 106 atoms g−1, and an associated mean denudation rate of 9.6 ± 1.1 m Myr−1, an order of magnitude greater than the rates obtained for the amalgamated pebbles.
The mean denudation rate for the four profiles is ∼30 m/Ma.
Concentrations of the terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide 10Be measured in quartz separated from fluvial sediments provide spatially averaged denudation rates for selected tributary basins.
Here, we use cosmogenic 10Be to obtain spatially averaged denudation rates for these river catchments, primarily from terrace deposits associated with glacial or interglacial intervals over the past half million years.
The study of a sample of river sediment enables the determination of spatially averaged denudation rates that provide an exceptional perspective on erosion and weathering processes that have taken place within a landscape.
Slope angle strongly affects the basin-scale averaged denudation rates by as much as 1.3 to 2.7 times, whereas rates derived from depth profiles at summit sites are unaffected.
Site-specific rates calculated from depth profiles of cosmogenic nuclides (10Be and 26Al) at topographic highs indicate a rate of 67to8585 mm/kyr, whereas basin-scale averaged denudation rates derived from the concentration of cosmogenic nuclides in fluvial sediments show 114 to 180 mm/kyr.
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