The increase in cell-surface LAMP1 staining intensity of individual injured (TRITC-positive) cells was normalized to the average cell-surface LAMP1 staining intensity of all (>125) uninjured (TRITC-negative) cells.
The experiments were done in 8.58 cm2 wells in 2 ml of media containing 18 cfu/ml, and if we correct for volume above the cells for an average cell colony surface area (4800 cells, each 10 µm in diameter, ∼0.48 mm2×2.3 mm height of media above the colony = 1.1 mm3).
The average cell volume and surface area was 0.91±0.07 µm3 and 8.3 µm2, respectively.
The (z_{0}) and (delta z^{ 2}_{s}) are the time-average position of cell surface and the deviation of the sample fluctuation.
The root-mean-square (rms) roughness and average roughness of the cell surface imaged in air were calculated using the AFM.
Therefore we consider also the minimum and average path length to the cell surface.
In cells transfected with siRNA for DHHC5 (right data set in Figure 5B), these MEND responses were decreased on average to 25% of the cell surface, corresponding to a 66% decrease of the MEND response.
The statistical analyses of the particle sizes and the peak to valley roughness (Rp-v), the root-mean-square roughness (Rq), and the average roughness (Ra) of the cell surface are shown in Table 1.
This compares with the cell motility rate on a flat PMMA surface where the average cell speed is around 0.012 μm/s.
The titanium alloy surface shows an average cell density of 5.4×104 cell/cm2 and the modified sample shows an average a cell density average 4.9×104 cell/cm2, where the difference is within the range of standard deviations.
The average deformation area (% of total cell surface area) on the surfaces of bacteria after various treatments was measured (Fig. 5A, C200 visible-light; 5B, C200 UV-light; 5C, UV100 UV-light).
