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The dependence of the growth exponent on average boundary mobility may explain experimental observations of exponents less than unity.
Based on two strengthening mechanisms, variations of the strength as a function of the pass numbers were related to the calculated dislocation densities and the average boundary spacing.
These boundaries are generally asymmetric and occur at least twice as frequently as the average boundary for each fixed misorientation.
The relation between the grain boundary energy and the normalized average boundary area is discussed in the context of triple junction dynamics.
Based on these mechanisms, variations of the hardness and yield stress as a function of the pass numbers were related to the calculated dislocation densities and the average boundary spacing.
The 4N and 2N samples at this strain are nanostructured with an average boundary spacing of ∼100 nm, a high density of dislocations and a large fraction of high angle boundaries (>15°) of 0.68 0.74, as determined by transmission electron microscopy, and 0.8 0.83, as determined by electron backscattering diffraction.
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The current status of "grain boundary engineering" is overviewed, i.e. the deliberate manipulation of grain boundary crystallography in polycrystals in order to produce a material containing grain boundaries which have superior properties compared to average boundaries.
Aiming at unobvious T and C lines, the second method was to contrast the four extreme values (c1, c2, t1, and t2) and statistic of the averaging boundary coordinates of the T/C line in the previous experiments and then revised them.
The measurements indicate that at temperatures in the anti-thermal region (1390 °C 1400 °C), the average grain boundary energy is less than at a lower temperature (1350 °C) where grain boundaries move more rapidly.
Microstructural parameters including crystal size (d) and shape (M), apparent surface porosity (Ra) and average grain boundary (G) are used to quantify the membrane surface morphology.
The average grain boundary misorientation increases up to around 45° in the former and becomes constant in the latter.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com