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For the overall professionalism items the average bias between the actual population and simulated values was 10.9%.
To test for natural variation (i.e. variation between W lines) in the relative contribution of cis and trans, we fit the model Yij = μ+B1Xij+B2Li+eij where for the ith line and the jth gene, Y is the average bias between alleles for the parental mix, and X is the average bias between alleles for the heterozygote.
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These curves indicate relatively small average biases between extractions for most patients.
For the reviewers, the correlation between absolute bias and severity was more moderate and the average bias remained between 0.54 and 1.13 grade units.
Considering the whole sample and spanning the entire democratic period, we find an average bias of between 4.3 and 5.7%, indicating that real earnings may have grown by this additional amount during the period, similar to the numbers found for Brazil and much larger than the numbers found for the US.
The comparison was carried out using four parameters, namely, the average bias (average differences between predicted and measured FFM), concordance correlation coefficient (measures linear association between predicted and measured FFM, as well as shifts in the predicted compared to the measured FFM values), total error (bias standard deviation), and pure error (the average squared bias).
Figure 2 shows a comparison between the simulated average bias and the analytic approximate bias of Equation 15 derived before.
In all scenarios, we find that the average coverage (i.e., the estimated probability that the posterior 95% credible interval for a certain statistic included its true value) exceeds 95% and the average bias (i.e., the difference between the true value and the posterior median) is low.
Statistical analysis was performed using a Bland-Altman plot to determine the average bias, standard error, and difference range between measurements obtained via PICC and control catheters.
An average bias of 0.3 g/dl was found between the two methods.
When there is no impact between groups, LR and HLR outperform the testlet and multilevel testlet models, and their average bias are −0.06, −0.06, 0.21, and 0.38, respectively.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com