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The average baseline diameter and FMD of brachial artery measured before, immediately after, and 20 hr after CAP exposure are presented in Supplemental Material, Table S2.
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Average baseline vessel diameters were slightly increased in type 1 diabetes (ANOVA, P = 0.018).
Percentage increases in aortic diameter were determined considering the average baseline intraluminal aortic diameter and the maximum aortic diameter at days 3, 7, and 14 post PPE exposure.
FMD was calculated as the percent increase in diameter from baseline to peak diameter, where baseline diameter was the average diastolic diameter over the 2-minute baseline and peak diameter was recorded as the 10-second average of the highest diastolic diameter after cuff deflation.
Average baseline NPS was 5.1 (SD = 2.4).
Average baseline FRI score was 52.6 (SD = 20.6).
Average baseline PS was 10 ± 3 cm H2O.
It was represented as an average increase in the vessel diameter in response to the flicker light during the three measurement cycles and was defined as the percent increase relative to the baseline diameter size.
The FMD% was calculated according to the following formula as a measure of brachial artery endothelial function; FMD% = [(maximum diameter − baseline diameter)/baseline diameter] × 100 [ 10, 11].
The FMD is expressed as the maximum change in diameter after cuff release normalized to the baseline diameter (% of baseline diameter).
The FMD was automatically calculated as the percent change in peak vessel diameter from the baseline value, and %FMD (peak diameter − baseline diameter / baseline diameter) was used for analysis.
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