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It is assumed that symbols s k (i) are drawn from some constellation with zero mean and unit average symbol energy and they are independent and identically distributed (i.i.d).i.d
The micro-costing approach, which considers average wages and unit costs, may better reflect resource utilization.
HFD (contains 13.6-23.513.6-23.5%ibithethe density, average area, and unit area of HCC foci in F344 rats [ 19].
In the decade between 1985 and 1995, it oscillated around 1 million units on average and 1.3 million units between 2001 and 2005.
(D ) Average unit-to-unit spike correlogram during the pre-clamp and clamp period.
The incremental cost per 1,000 women screened with CAD versus double reading is £590 for low volume units and £253 and £227 in average and high volume units respectively.
To compare the effect of individual versus work unit averaged working conditions, we also included the work unit average and the individual deviation from the work unit average in the analysis of the 95 directly observed respondents.
The average tree-unit density (based on the number of tree crowns, either of a single tree or of cohesive trees, appearing in satellite images) was 6.27 units/ha, and was correlated with both density on the levee (5.30 units/ha on average) and levee length per unit paddy area (475.25 m/ha on average).
While capital-intensive businesses eventually reach a point of diminishing returns to scale and average unit costs to increase, knowledge and communication-based business do not.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com