The assumed event reduction (for each type of event) was then determined as the relative reduction in events per mmol/L reduction in LDL cholesterol multiplied by the average absolute reduction in LDL cholesterol.
For urinary, bowel, and hormone categories, the average absolute reduction from baseline to 2 years was ≤5 points, except for bowel function (5.2 points).
Among those who started statin therapy, the average LDL cholesterol before starting therapy was 3.31 mmol/L in the placebo group and 3.04 mmol/L in the fenofibrate group; the average absolute reductions in LDL cholesterol were estimated at 1.18 and 1.09 mmol/L, respectively.
Fifteen years after initial therapy, these benefits translate into average absolute reductions in recurrence of ∼11.8% (SE 1.3) and in breast cancer mortality of 9.2% (SE 1.2) which approximates a 4 12% absolute gain depending on the underlying risk.
This was equivalent to an average absolute risk reduction of 40%95%5% CI 24 56%).
As the trial was carried out in a primary prevention cohort at moderate absolute risk for cardiovascular disease, the overall treatment effect was modest for average absolute risk reduction.
Similarly, the EAA-J trial demonstrated an average absolute 20% reduction in EAA levels (from 0.65 to 0.45) in an unselected cohort of septic patients who received PMX-DHP on clinical grounds at the discretion of the treating physician, representing very roughly a 2,000 pg/ml reduction in endotoxin levels [ 21].
A combination of patient and physician education has been shown to help reduce antibiotic overuse for a variety of acute respiratory tract infections, including acute bronchitis [ 4, 5], but levels of improvement have been limited, on average, to less than 20% absolute reduction across the study populations of physicians [ 9- 12].
Also, comparing the pressure drop data of the developed method with those of uniform-distribution model demonstrates reduction of average absolute deviation from 28.7% to 2.8%.
Assuming a median baseline PFS of 13 weeks, based on the average time of PFS in the control arms of included trials; HR, 1.31 translates to a 3-week absolute reduction in median PFS (from 13 weeks to 10 weeks).
Regardless of level of control, HbA1c decreased in 99 (60.4%) of the project participants with an average reduction of −1.44 HbA1c percentage points and an absolute reduction of −1.0 HbA1c percentage points or more in 26.2%.
