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They are based on the available validity evidence, both within [ 49– 57, 64] and outside [ 5, 11, 22– 25, 63] of oncology research.
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Since there is no criterion measure available, criterion validity will be examined by means of predictive validity of the instrument.
Site averages were considered valid if one, two, or three annual averages were available; this validity test maximized the number of site averages available for analysis.
When few data or information are available, the validity of studies performing uncertainty analysis or robust design optimisation (i.e., parameter optimisation under uncertainty) with a probabilistic approach is questionable.
When available, the validity of every new model is assessed with an independent test set [ 18- 20].
However, because a gold standard is seldom available, construct validity is of major importance [ 8].
Moreover, even if such databases were available, their validity would need to be assessed using field surveys.
When no standardized translations of the instruments are available, translation validity will be confirmed using forward-backward method.
No data is available on validity and responsiveness of this questionnaire, this will be addressed simultaneously to the current study.
The fact that there is no golden standard for weighting, i.e. no measure of a "true" weight is available, challenges validity testing of weighting techniques.
By including only those patients for whom sufficient data for a definite diagnosis of second primary cancer were available, the validity of this study was strengthened.
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CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com