When both cues were available, observers relied on the more informative one.
For every study participant, one of the two available observers measured the passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder in flexion, internal and external rotation, abduction, and (horizontal or cross-body) adduction with a handheld digital inclinometer (The Saunders Group Inc, Chaska, MN).
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Using the descriptor transformation, a modified Jensen׳s inequality, and improved Park׳s inequality, the results can be less conservative than the available functional observer design methods that address LTI systems with single state delay.
When the state variables are not available, an observer is built using a similar technique which generates an estimation of the state variables in order to implement the above state feedback.
Observers were blinded for clinical data in 18%, in 18% of the studies clinical data were available to observers, and in 64% of studies it was unclear whether observers were blinded for clinical data.
We varied information available to observers via three experimental conditions: a baseline unmodified video, video with narrative text, or with a graph of electrodermal activity (EDA) of the target.
Under both kinds of communication topologies, when relative state information of the neighbors is available, distributed observer-based controllers are designed which achieve exact coordinated tracking in finite-time.
The number of categories increases the options available to observers and thereby decreases interobserver agreement.
After 3 weeks, the same exercise was carried out using F-FDG PET/CT images, where CT and fused volume data were made available to observers.
