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Public data were used in their available normalized form, since background correction and normalization had already been performed.
For this reason, we implemented several normalization methods on our proprietary datasets, while using the available normalized data for the publicly available datasets.
For GSE19491, GSE19492 and GSE28623 available normalized data were used, while for GSE25534 the 2 dye array data was normalized using RMA in Arraystar (DNAStar, Madison, WI) to allow inter-slide comparison of gene expression data.
Analysis of each data set (using available normalized data) was done separately to guarantee a larger number of genes common with our signature.
cDNA probes for hybridization were generated by PCR using commercially available normalized cDNA panels derived from different human tissues (Product no. 636742, Clontech, Heidelberg, Germany[ 40]).
We used the publicly available normalized expression data (all Affymetrix) from the Gene Expression Omnibus with accession numbers [GSE9750] [ 9], [GSE7803] [ 10], and [GSE6791] [ 11].
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The final version of the corpus contains 105 abstracts available with 109 normalized variants and 155 unnormalized ones.
To find direct associations between gene expression levels and patient characteristics, Spearman rank correlation coefficients were determined between all available quantile-quantile normalized probe expression values and values of the measured traits.
All EuroDia experiments have both raw and normalized data available (Table 1), whereas some of the public experiments have only normalized data.
The main steps are (i) normalization of the CNP using GC content (or control CNP if available), (ii) segmentation of normalized profiles and (iii) assignment of copy number changes to losses and gains.
In this scenario, the best approach by the leader is to admit as many secondary cognitive nodes in the cell based on the available μ, until its normalized utility function has an optimum.
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Since I tried Ludwig back in 2017, I have been constantly using it in both editing and translation. Ever since, I suggest it to my translators at ProSciEditing.

Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com