There are multiple tools available for this purpose, for example, BBMerge from BBMap package (http://sourceforge.net/projects/bbmap/) merges paired reads based on overlap to create longer reads and creates an insert-size histogram.
Moreover, several extensions for this model are available, for example if cell types [ 8] or age structure [ 9] are of importance, which allows to generalize the model class to cover a wide range of biological systems.
Several methods are currently available for this purpose [ 96- 98]; for example, a recently published method [ 99] automatically classifies protein families into functional subfamilies, and detects residues that may functionally differentiate between subfamilies (for a user-friendly visualization environment, see [ 100]).
Although in many cases, more detailed description of ethnicity was available (for example, 'Black-African'), this was not well reported and general categories such as 'Black British' were frequently used.
The data itself can be downloaded in a variety of syntactical forms using a download button, which invokes a generating script, but no metadata-based procedure derived purely from the compound identifier or CID (2,244 for this example) is available.
The code for this example is available for download from the JC-RM website.
The Spial output for this example is available at: http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/genomes/spial/examples/example_rhodopsin.html.html
As assays for drug metabolising cytochrome p450s become available (for example, 2D6 for tamoxifen metabolism), this may move into clinical practice.
In some cases, not all data needed for a model may be available, for example, data for a specific geographical region.
In this study no information was available for example on the region of origin, immigration reasons, religion etc. – variables which might act as confounders.
