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Privatization, which essentially removes state control and its associated monopoly on alcohol sales, would have profound implications for alcohol availability, outlet distribution, and a variety of public health and safety outcomes.
In a cross-sectional study of 979 15-year old Glaswegians, we investigated the association between alcohol outlet availability (outlet density and proximity), outlet type (on-premise vs. off-premise) and frequent (weekly) alcohol consumption.
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Only yesterday Square announced its ever-expanding retail availability (20,000 outlets nationwide), and today competitor Intuit GoPayment is following up with some major news of its own.
One aspect of the environment that may be particularly important in children is the availability of outlets selling low-cost energy dense foods,which particularly appeal to the young pallet (Prentice and Jebb, 2003).
32 33 However, overall evidence remains mixed, 34 35 with several calls in the literature for increased conceptual and theoretical clarity on how availability of food outlets, and within-outlet food options influence diet behaviour.
Individuals were therefore exposed to 48% more takeaway food outlet availability at work than at home.
► We examined the link between adolescent alcohol use and alcohol outlet availability.
This study is the first to examine neighbourhood alcohol outlet availability (on- and off-sales outlets) and alcohol-related health outcomes in Scotland.
Finally, we assessed the impact of outlet availability on only a single alcohol outcome, i.e. frequency of drinking.
Health problems attributable to alcohol were more prevalent in neighbourhoods with more alcohol outlets, which may indicate that outlet availability influences alcohol consumption.
Dividing the data into three groups of outlet availability allows us to see the spread of both alcohol and tobacco outlets across income deprivation quintiles.
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