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The flux of nutrients along each metabolic pathway is governed chiefly by two factors: (1) the availability of substrates on which pacemaker, or key, enzymes of the pathway can act and (2) the intracellular levels of specific metabolites that affect the reaction rates of pacemaker enzymes.
Modelling microbial adaptation to changing availability of substrates.
It could be expected that temperature and the availability of substrates are the main factors.
This inhibits the availability of substrates to the catalytic site of enzyme.
Subsurface heterogeneities are important because of influences on interfacial mass transfer processes that impact the availability of substrates to microorganisms.
The persistence of β-glucosidase activity at day 14 might be due to the availability of substrates, possibly the byproducts of cellulase activities.
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Additional controls on gas production are shown to be related to the availability of substrate and plant productivity.
With no stirring, the beads remained at the bottom of the fermentation flask decreasing the availability of substrate for the cells.
However, the ZnO-based single crystalline resonators are rarely reported because of the difficult fabrication process, which strongly depends on the availability of substrate [15, 19].
The ability to engineer the device, the ready availability of substrate, and its cost effectiveness support the use of Surgisis in aesthetic and reconstructive plastic surgery applications.
Availability of substrate for this process is regulated, in part, by N-Acyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase (NAGE), which interconverts N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and N-acetylmannosamine (ManNAc).
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