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The availability of specific relief varies among contemporary legal systems, for reasons that seem more historical and doctrinal than practical.
The availability of pain relief and avoidance of intrapartum transfer was only occasionally mentioned.
A small proportion of the TMH group mentioned wanting the option or availability of 'pain relief' or 'epidural' (14%).
Thus, expanding both the availability of debt relief and its value must be a priority from the standpoint of health equity and SDH.
Among reasons for the choice of giving birth at the CDW were availability of pain relief other than in the MLW (n = 103; 51%) and belief that the ward was safer for mother and infant (n = 42; 21%).
In a multicentre randomized controlled study performed at various Dutch hospitals the objective of the study "is to test the hypothesis that remifentanil PCA is as effective as epidural analgesia with respect to patient satisfaction and pain appreciation scores with lower costs and possibly benefit of easier achievement of 24 hours availability of pain relief for women in labour" [ 6].
To our understanding the aim to assess the possible "benefit of easier achievement of 24 hours availability of pain relief for women in labour" [ 6] cannot be answered since an epidural service needs to be hold available anyway due to the performed randomization to either the epidural or the remifentanil PCIA group.
Service provision is dependent upon HC funding (staffed for a 5 day week, minimal weekend service and on call service afterhours; not 24/7 service provision), availability of staff (relief not always provided for holidays or educational leave), callouts the previous night, staff skill mix and community size.
When non-drug pain relief methods (hot baths) were not available, the availability of stronger pain relief also became important.
He warns of cover-ups while scarfing hot chips and casually inquiring about the availability of indigestion-relief tablets ("wouldn't have a Quick-Eze, would ya?").
The main causes were underestimation of their medical problem by patients and/or family members in about half of them (371/753) and the availability of OTC pain relief medications in 25 % (188/753).
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com