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Age-related impairment of proteostasis has been observed on all levels including diminished chaperone availability, altered autophagy regulation, impaired proteasome function, and activation of unfolded protein responses in the ER and mitochondria [66]-[68 [66]-[68
Although the extent to which maternal diet was altered by stress was not examined, it is more likely that maternal stress mediators rather than nutrient availability altered placental growth.
Interestingly, the adaptation of cancer cells to limited oxygen availability, altered glucose metabolism and extracellular acidosis, are linked to a poor patient prognosis in breast cancer [ 8– 10].
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Therefore, changes in zinc availability alter numerous cellular processes.
Consequently, we think that phosphorylation on S66 might bring about a conformational change to alter BH3 domain availability, altering how Bid interacts with multidomain Bcl-2 proteins, and might explain a dominant-negative effect of nonfunctional Bid at the mitochondria.
They display great affinity for E2A proteins, in particular for E12, and therefore limit its availability, alter the possible dimerization pools, prevent its DNA binding and compete against Twist1 2.
López‐Bucio, J. et al. Phosphate availability alters architecture and causes changes in hormone sensitivity in the Arabidopsis root system.
Several studies have established in various model systems (yeast to mice) that nutrient availability alters insulin signaling.
Phosphate availability alters lateral root development in Arabidopsis at least partly by modulating auxin sensitivity via a mechanism involving the TIR1 auxin receptor [ 32, 33].
Low P availability alters the local concentration, transport or sensitivity of intracellular compounds such as carbohydrates, especially sugars, auxins, ethylene, cytokinins, NO and ROS, and subsequently modulates the downstream genetic elements that control the initiation and maintenance of root development.
Oysters display a third condition; young oysters have a tendency toward maleness, but, if water temperature or food availability is altered, some individuals develop into females.
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