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After an image pre-processing stage that includes hair removal filtering, each image is automatically segmented using well known image segmentation algorithms.
As a first step, the lungs were automatically segmented using methods based on region growing and morphological operations [ 12].
The skull-stripped brain image data were automatically segmented using 148 reference labels (Fig. 1 F) and manually edited to ensure anatomic accuracy.
The lungs were automatically segmented using dedicated software [ 11], and a noise reduction filter was applied to decrease the influence of noise on the quantitative measurements [ 12].
$$\end{document} B P F = G M + W M / T C V. To assess medial and focal atrophy, head-size-corrected ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (vCSF) and HP volume were automatically segmented using previously published and validated methods [ 11, 14].
The kappa between the readers were 0.75, 0.67 and 0.74, for the right major, right minor and left major fissures respectively The lungs, fissures and lobes were automatically segmented using previously proposed and evaluated methods [ 8– 10].
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The radial FC boundary is semi-automatically segmented using a dynamic programming algorithm.
ADC and FA were calculated using equations 4, 5, 6 [ 33- 35]: (4) S I b = S I b = 0 e - b. D (5) A D C = λ 1 + λ 2 + λ 3 3 (6) F A = 3 λ 1 - A D C 2 + λ 2 - A D C 2 + λ 3 - A D C 2 2 λ 1 2 + λ 2 2 + λ 3 2 Where b is the diffusion encoding tensor, D the diffusion tensor and λ the eigenvalues of D. Each MR image was semi-automatically segmented using Slice-O-Matic (Tomovision, Magog, Canada).
Lungs were segmented using co-registered computed tomography images and subregions (upper, middle and lower) were semi-automatically defined.
The remaining movie frames were then automatically re-segmented using the support vector machines as a basis for attaching disconnected growth cone segments and features.
Van de Pol et al. [3] compared manually traced to automatically segmented hippocampi (using fluid registration) in 18 participants with Mild Cognitive Impairment assessed at two time points two years apart.
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