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XRD analysis was performed by an automatic powder refractometer Panalytical X'Pert PRO using a copper X-ray lamp (λ CuKα1 = 0.1540598 nm) equipped with an ultrafast semiconductor detector PIXcel.
TSS was determined with an automatic temperature-compensated digital refractometer (Pocket Refractometer Pal-1, Atago, Japan), and the results were expressed as °Brix.
Specific gravity was measured using a handheld refractometer with automatic temperature compensation (ATAGO® PAL-10S; Atago U.S.A., Inc).
For the sake of comparison, the refractive index for each of the fuel samples was measured at room temperature with the aid of an automatic temperature controlled Abbe table refractometer.
The refractive index for each of the fuel samples was measured at room temperature with the aid of an automatic temperature controlled Abbe table refractometer (Atago RX5000) with a measurement wavelength of 589 nm, and a relatively high accuracy of the refractive index reading ±0.00004.
Total soluble solids (°BRIX), pH and titratable acidity were measured in grape juice, obtained by pressing fresh berries with a small hand-crank press, using a hand held refractometer (ATAGO CO., Ltd), a pH meter (Hanna HI 221) and an automatic titrator (Crison Compact Titrator) titrating in the presence of NaOH.
Soluble Solids was measured using a Digital Refractometer RX-5000α RX-5000α
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