Special powers and responsibilities are vested in the president of the republic, who promulgates laws and decrees having the force of law, calls special sessions of parliament, delays legislation, authorizes the presentation of government bills in parliament, and, with parliamentary authorization, ratifies treaties and declares war.
The problem is that here the chain of authorization comes to an end: There isn't a higher legal norm that authorizes the enactment of the (original) US Constitution.
From the Wall Street Journal: Mr. Kennedy has been challenging Solicitor General Donald Verrilli to answer what the justice says is a "very heavy burden of justification" to show where the Constitution authorizes Congress to change the relation of the individual to the government.
But a handful of US senators, especially Ron Wyden, Democrat of Oregon, and Mark Udall, Democrat of Colorado, of the intelligence committee, have warned for years that the government's secret interpretations of those provisions authorizes far more surveillance on Americans' communications than legislators intended.
Mr Verrilli took dead aim at this inference, quoting the district-court decision that "nothing on the face of the Form expressly authorizes the provision of contraceptive care, particularly with regard to church plans".
In the United States, copyright law is founded on and limited by the Constitution, which authorizes Congress to create a national copyright system to "promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors…the exclusive Right to their…Writings" (Article I, Section 8).
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES, 1973), for example, authorizes signatories to the convention to designate species "threatened with extinction which are or may be affected by trade".
The National Bank of the Republic of Macedonia is the bank of issue, authorizes bank licensing, and oversees a system composed of banks (some of which are permitted to conduct only domestic business) and "savings houses".
Commerce clause, provision of the U.S. Constitution (Article I, Section 8) that authorizes Congress "to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with Indian Tribes".
The IBU authorizes six types of biathlon events individual, sprint, relay, pursuit, mass start, and team.
By specifically affixing the language, "from whatever source derived," it removes the "direct tax dilemma" related to Article I, Section 8, and authorizes Congress to lay and collect income tax without regard to the rules of Article I, Section 9, regarding census and enumeration.
