The phrase "authorities by which" is correct and usable in written English.
It can be used when referring to the governing bodies or sources that provide the basis for a particular action or decision.
Example: "The regulations were established by the authorities by which the organization operates."
Alternatives: "bodies that govern" or "sources that dictate".
The problem is with the long, fictional notion of authority by which we are all supposed to be connected.
Leaving aside, for now, the experience or competence of the corporation's officials in city-making, the authority by which the agency operates is open to question.
As in effect IFCs become the arbiter of what are deemed realistic assessments, IFCs are not able to appeal to an external authority by which to judge their work, as they are the authority.
Neither group bears a royal name or title and the authority by which they were issued cannot not established.
Instead, his name became known not only because of the power he demonstrates in word and deed, but the authority by which it was demonstrated.
President Barack Obama can call for more and better data on the use of force by police officers, but the White House has no authority by which it can make local jurisdictions track or disclose this information.
In making this claim, the Frontline people ignored evidence to the contrary in the now famous "chat logs" turned over to federal authorities by Adrian Lamo, which allegedly document his online discussions with Manning over five days last May.
So-called vagrancy laws, by which authorities could force unattached gauchos or peasants to work on large rural estates, were also enacted in countries such as Argentina and Guatemala.
The last section describes the different aspects of policy implementation by the relevant authorities, including the means by which opposition from within the government and the pharmaceutical industry was addressed.
On the form, there was a box for the participant to tick to indicate that they gave consent to linkage for a particular stream of data (health data, NHS Central Register), differentiated by which authorities hold the information.
