Out of these influences, François Duvalier — who was elected President in 1957 — crafted a twisted interpretation of Haitian history and politics that formed the ideological basis for his authoritarian regime.
"I am for an authoritarian state, with a social basis.
"This military-backed government cannot consolidate on the basis of repression and the authoritarian measures of the '50s and '60s.
Other research programs, often of a transdisciplinary nature, came to occupy a prominent position as intellectual points of reference without finding a secure institutional basis either in an increasingly authoritarian European setting, or in the discipline-based American academic landscape.
Playground taunts are hardly the best way to achieve justice or democracy, but how many times in the past eight years has "secret intelligence" been used as the basis for an ill thought-out authoritarian adventure?
The Plumed Serpent's prophet-hero, a Mexican general, revives Aztec rites as the basis of a new theocratic state in Mexico whose authoritarian leaders are worshiped as gods.
Egypt has now entered a classic transition game where the authoritarian regime and the democratic opposition have sharply different interests and little basis for cooperation and trust.
Like Hobbes, he is Cartesian, aiming at a scientific basis for political philosophy, but, whereas Hobbes was dogmatic and authoritarian, Spinoza desired toleration and intellectual liberty, by which alone human life achieves its highest quality.
On this basis, critics such as Benjamin Constant and J.L. Talmon have accused Rousseau of being an authoritarian thinker and, in the second case, a forefather of totalitarian politics.
