The main difference is that the physical device authentication is not required.
Moreover, the protocol authentication does not require a Certificate Authentication (CA) database, which avoids the single-point bottleneck.
Given that the authentication algorithm is not symmetric, the network is not required to authenticate, so the UE believes it is connected to a real base station.
However, these kinds of 'active authentication' methods have not been widely used because most images on the Internet are not required to be watermarked.
Compared with the active approach, the passive or blind authentication approach does not require additional watermarks or signatures and could have broader applications in image forensics.
As of August 31, 2010, third-party Twitter applications are required to use OAuth, an authentication method that does not require users to enter their password into the authenticating application.
The authentication scheme proposed in [11] requires several architectural changes to IMS, whereas the secure authentication model in does not require significant changes to the existing architecture [12].
This network does not require authentication, is not encrypted, and is not intended to access internal resources.
Turner's plan will probably create, at least at the start, confusion and consternation for fans accustomed to years of free online access to the tournament that did not require authentication.
Each one of the sites that Facebook integrates with supports oAuth or a similar authentication protocol that does not require the user to enter both their username and password.
"Public wifi networks at cafes and public spots can be a risk because they may not require authentication to establish a network connection," explains Dr Suelette Dreyfus, a lecturer at the University of Melbourne's School of Computing and Information Systems.
