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It may contribute to BC pathogenesis by augmenting cell proliferation via stimulation of cell cycle progression and by increasing the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis and metastasis.
In addition, OPN-c is capable of augmenting cell proliferation and invasion of the ovarian cancer cell line OvCar-3 and this was found to be mediated through PI3K signalling (Tilli et al, 2011).
Recombinant SPINK1 has been described to have opposing effects that are cell type specific, augmenting cell proliferation in gastric and pancreatic (Marchbank et al, 2009; Ozaki et al, 2009) but not in prostate cancer cell lines (Tomlins et al, 2008).
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This is relevant because B-myb is a transcription factor that can regulate the expression of genes that augment cell proliferation, suppress tumorgenesis and inhibit cellular senescence [ 22].
In vitro functional studies indicated that miR-143 and miR-145 appear to function in opposing manners to either inhibit or augment cell proliferation in a metastatic CRC model.
A recent global miRNA expression analysis indicated that miR-143 and miR-145 also appear to function in opposing manners to either inhibit or augment cell proliferation in a metastatic CRC cell model [ 12]. miR-126, which is also frequently lost in colon cancers, can suppress the growth of neoplastic cells by targeting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling [ 13].
Thus, DDX3 has diverse functions in a variety of cell types, in breast cancer cells DDX3 augments cell proliferation whereas in hepatocellular carcinoma cells it promotes growth arrest and tumor suppressing activities.
Collectively, our data demonstrates that Akt2 augments cell proliferation by facilitating cell cycle progression through the upregulation of the cell cycle engine, and protects a cell from pathological autophagy by modulating mitochondrial homeostasis.
Other studies have reported that overexpression of IGF-1R or its major substrate, IRS-1, in ER-positive breast cancer cells augments cell proliferation and reduces estrogen growth dependence [ 47- 49].
Authors of this study demonstrate that synergy between G-CSF and GM-CSF augments cell proliferation and invasiveness in addition to an early recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages to a tumor site 73.
Low-pressure nitrogen-based coatings were employed to augment cell adhesion and proliferation without altering the mechanical properties of the structures.
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