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Some in vivo studies have demonstrated that lung cancer cells expressing ER β show augmented proliferation upon 17- β estradiol treatment [ 3].
Consistent with this stimulatory effect, osteoclasts augmented proliferation of IL-2-stimulated γδ T cells and also supported the survival of unstimulated γδ and CD4+ T cells, although these effects required co-culture with osteoclasts.
As shown in Figure 4C, low-dose BPA potently augmented proliferation in wt-p53 Mcellsells, whereas the effect of low-dose BPA on inducing proliferation was greatly diminished in the mutant-p53 cell line MDA-MB-231.
On the other hand, expression of mutated PKD2 augmented proliferation only in the primary tubular epithelial cells of a rat model but this was independent of the STAT-1/p21 pathway.
To assess the specificity of the findings, we performed suppression assays in the presence of another thiol-bearing antioxidant compound, 2-ME (Figure 3A/B) and found that 2-ME augmented proliferation and completely blocked suppression.
Taken together with the finding of augmented proliferation of HM3KO cells after GDNF stimulation, our results suggest that GDNF-mediated c-RET kinase activation is associated with the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma.
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It is also possible that ARA itself augments proliferation of neural progenitor cells.
Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is highly expressed on memory CD4 T cells and has been shown to augment proliferation and survival of activated CD4 T cells.
Moreover, we show for the first time that CSE modulates cDC-mediated of T cells and specifically augments proliferation of CD8+T cells and inhibits proliferation of CD4+T cells in MLR.
Agents such as growth factors could augment proliferation and differentiation potential of BMSCs.
IL-18 could augment proliferation of T cells and cytotoxicity of NK cells.
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