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It may be a productive topic for future research, as patients with low back pain have been reported to develop FM in 25% of cases [ 36] and some patients with LBP have augmented pain processing [ 37].
Frequency of headache seemed to concur with augmented pain evoked at tender points, suggesting that a generalized increment of pain sensitivity may develop with the increase in headache occurrence [36].
Generalized hyperalgesia is assumed to represent augmented pain transmission at spinal and/or supra-spinal levels.
The augmented pain transmission is usually associated with intense or sustained nociceptive stimulation [ 7].
Chronic, severe stress and subsequent activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis are associated with augmented pain sensitivity [ 24].
FM is itself a condition with augmented pain processing, identified by quantitative sensory testing and functional MRI [ 34].
Similar(34)
Catastrophizing has been suggested to augment pain perception via enhanced attention to painful stimuli and through heightened emotional responses to pain.
Thus, TENS may be used as an adjunctive modality combined with pharmacotherapy to augment pain relief.
The major benefit of lidocaine and ketamine use for postoperative analgesia may be preventing the development of central sensitization [ 1] during surgical intervention, which augments pain and discomfort in the postoperative period.
Nerve fascicles containing sensory afferents are present in tendons and especially in the peritendinous tissue; these nerves express receptors for the nociceptive substances which could thereby sensitise the nerves and augment pain signalling.
In the presence of chronic pain, the COMT Met allele and the BDNF Met allele augmented cortical pain processing, whilst reducing pain processing in pain-free controls.
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