Sentence examples for augmented fear from inspiring English sources

Additionally, heterozygous Atp1a2 deficient mice showed augmented fear and anxiety behaviours and enhanced neuronal activity in the amygdala and piriform cortex after conditioned fear stimuli [ 51].

Current models on the neurocircuitry of PTSD assume the medial PFC, which plays an important role in fear extinction, to be hyporesponsive, leading to diminished extinction of conditioned fear and together with a hyperresponsive amygdala to augmented fear responses and hyperarousal symptoms [ 13].

Several studies have reported increased extinction-related brain histone acetylation and concomitant gene transcription in rodents treated with HDAC inhibitors, suggesting that enhanced gene transcription is a core mechanism supporting augmented fear extinction, in particular consolidation of extinction memory (Table 1).

As polls show that his bluntness is striking more voters as bullying, Republicans close to Mr. Romney's campaign say that the governor's continued hostile encounters — including one on the Jersey Shore this month that was caught on video — have augmented fears that he is too unpredictable and too contentious, turning what was once viewed as a key strength into a drawback.

These studies suggest that HDAC3 inhibition may also augment fear extinction, which has yet to be assessed.

These data reveal HDAC2 as a prime HDAC isoform for which targeted pharmaceutical compounds could be developed to augment fear extinction.

The present review examines existing evidence from pre-clinical studies using rodent models of fear extinction and small clinical studies showing that drugs that increase histone acetylation can indeed augment fear extinction and promote sustained fear inhibition.

A growing corpus of data therefore indicates that pharmacological adjuncts that enhance histone acetylation can act as cognitive enhancers to augment fear extinction memory in addition to other forms of extinction (e.g. [ 47, 48]).

With this information, it will be possible to rationally exclude non-specific action of HDAC isoforms not involved in augmenting fear extinction and thereby reduce potential adverse effects of this approach.

Indeed, there are a number of rodent models demonstrating impaired fear extinction (reviewed in [ 32]), but the present review focuses on two of these in which the utility of HDAC inhibitors to augment fear extinction training have been tested: 129S1/SvImJ (S1) mice [ 16, 17, 20, 55, 56] and rodents subjected to SPS (single prolonged stress) [ 57, 58].

These studies have revealed that NMDA (N-methyl D-aspartate) receptor- mediated signalling is one of the critical molecular mechanisms underlying exposure-based fear extinction [ 9– 11] and suggest that enhancing NMDA receptor activity during CBT may act as a cognitive enhancer strategy to augment fear reductions.