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In other words, auditory flow might be gated for small infrequent errors (this might prevent the motor system from changing to any random perturbation of auditory feedback during singing) but might become "un-gated" once the perturbations are sensed as occurring in a consistent manner (this "consistency" could potentially be monitored in the auditory forebrain and need not rely on the AFP or VTA).
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The MGN lesions selectively prevent auditory information flow to the forebrain, while leaving the brainstem auditory reflex pathways intact, and without altering other sensory information systems.
>The intra-MGN lidocaine temporarily interfered with auditory information flow to the forebrain because the SFC rats displayed significantly attenuated freezing and no USVs to the tone CS when their MGNs were inactivated with lidocaine (Text S1 and Fig. S3A and B).
Therefore, specific connectivity patterns in the auditory cortex shape the flow of information and constrain how spectrotemporal processing transformations progress in the canonical columnar auditory microcircuit.
Figure 1 Flow chart of auditory cortical representation extraction.
The horizontal line a-b-c-d corresponds to a continuous flow of ongoing auditory sensations; the vertical lines correspond to the proteraestheses which accompany these sensations at three particular points b, c an d.
Working there as part of the Cyclotron Research Centre in the 1990s, he was surprised when PET brain scans revealed that the patients could respond to a mention of their own name: meaningful sounds produced a change in blood flow within the auditory primary cortices.
These results provide a quantitative estimate of the relationships between local connectivity, the columnar representation of receptive field properties, and information flow in the auditory cortical microcircuit.
Giraud et al. [32] used PET and demonstrated that phantom auditory sensation increased regional cerebral blood flow bilaterally in temporo-parietal association auditory areas but not in the primary auditory cortex in patients with tinnitus.
This indicates that this region is crucially important in mediating information flow prior to a conscious auditory percept, thereby contributing to a brain functional network biased toward auditory NT stimulus detection.
Functional imaging of brain activation due to visual or auditory stimuli using radioactive biomarkers of blood flow or metabolism has been implemented for the first time in the 1980s [1 4].
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