These datasets were collected from the the KEEL [21] and UCI [22] machine learning repositories and represent a variety of complexity, number of classes, number of attributes, number of instances, and imbalance ratio (ratio of the size of the majority class to the minority class).
Nevertheless, what is somewhat philosophically troubling about the use of GIS in ecology is the conceptualization and representation of geographical information as: (a) a linked set of places, linked in the sense that the places must maintain fully precise adjacency relations; but (b) an unlinked set of attributes (for instance, the presence or absence of species or other biological features).
The parameters used were: instances of the GO annotation within the pathway (how many genes the annotation was attributed to), instances of other GO terms in the pathway, instances of the annotation outside the pathway, and instances of all other GO terms outside the pathway.
It may help policy-makers decide whether policies to improve levels of key attributes (for instance reduce the incidence of a given side effect of treatment) or those to increase/decrease the perceived impact of attributes themselves (for instance better education to improve patient understanding of a side effect) are the most desirable or feasible.
For example, DATA_VALUE is the basic class of all data types, and contains the common attributes of all instances of all data classes, but it is unable to operate in real time [ 7].
Today, most digitally powered businesses offer rudimentary personalization, typically managed by machine learning algorithms that match an array of known attributes (for instance, a medium-sized, black, leather jacket) to what's known about a customer (male, 18 to 25 years old, size large, urban).
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to determine if there were between group differences (i.e. between males and females) on the scores of various attributes (for instance communication, ethical and sound judgment).
They are written in the format name= value", where name is the name of the attribute (for instance "color"), and value describes this specific instance (for instance "red").
However, significant concerns also focuses on the attitudes and orientation of staff that are attributed through instances of caring neglect (e.g. ignoring a patient, rudeness, failing to respond to seemingly minor requests) that violate public expectations of 'being cared for'.
Based on varied characteristics viz. a number of instances, attributes and I.R.; the chosen data sets are grouped into three categories (binary-class structured/multi-class structured/multi-class semi-structured_unstructured data sets).
Table 1 summarises the characteristics of each data set, including the numbers of instances, attributes and classes.
