It is attributed to the absorption of turbulence caused by the nanopowders.
The density-dependence of inertial pressure losses has been widely attributed to the presence of turbulence in the upper airways and bronchi; however, several authors have noted that even under laminar flow conditions pressure losses may maintain an inertial dependence due to convective acceleration occurring as flow changes direction, for example, at airway bifurcations [ 12- 14, 22, 23].
The increase of mass transfer which amounted up to 150% was attributed to the generation of acoustic turbulence close to the wall.
A review is made of the diffraction theory of the trailing edge noise generated by a flat-plate airfoil of zero-thickness and non-compact chord, according to which the sound is attributed to the scattering of a "frozen" pattern of turbulence wall pressure swept over the edge in the mean flow.
This difference in formaldehyde signal enhancement could be attributed to the expansion of the preheat zone, due to turbulence.
The loose crystal deposition was attributed to the absence of hydraulic pressure, low feed temperature, high turbulence (Re = 5665.6) and short membrane retention time (21.6 s).
Such performance is attributed to the small overall height of the scheme which helped keep the resulting turbulence to a minimum.
The increase in the acoustic power for fuel-lean flames with the turbulence level is attributed to the increase in higher-frequency components of the acoustic pressure.
However, the increased turbulence kinetic energy production attributed to the disks is a large fraction of the power abstracted by them.
The ion-scale spectral break is often attributed to the scale at which the Alfvénic turbulence, thought to exist above the ion scales [ Alexandrova et al., 2013; Bruno and Carbone, 2013], becomes dispersive at the transition to kinetic Alfvén turbulence, thought to exist at smaller scales [ Podesta, 2013; Chen et al., 2013a].
