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If any changes are apparent, then they are routinely (and quite reasonably) attributed to the passive consequences of growth.
The results reveal that all the Ti Hf alloys exhibit a passive behavior in 5% HCl solution, which is attributed to the passive film formation of a mixture of both HfO2 and TiO2.
Immersion tests on coated steel copper galvanic couple showed that EB/ER coating offered 100 times more protection than ER coating against steel dissolution and coating delamination on copper, which was mainly attributed to the passive metal oxide films formed by EB blocking both the anodic and cathodic reactions.
Until recently, the spread of tau pathology in AD was attributed to the passive release of aggregated tau from dead or dying tangle-bearing neurons.
There is a consensus among education researchers that much of the difficulty students have learning science can be attributed to the passive role students play during traditional lectures (McKeachie et al., 1990; Bonwell and Eison, 1991; Nelson, 2008).
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As for the bare stainless steel, the time constant can be attributed to the response of the passive film formed on the 316 L and Rs is the resistance of the solution.
An important diminution of the IRC is obtained (80% with respect to the reference), which is attributed to the enhancement of the passive layer conductivity of the processed sample.
The high stability of these phases is attributed to the presence of a passive oxyhydroxide layer consisting of thin chromium oxyhydroxide as outermost layer and an inner aluminium oxyhydroxide layer close to the metal/oxide interface as found by XPS.
The results suggest the passivation to be attributed to the formation of a complex passive layer on brass consisting of mixtures of ZnO and Cu x O y, and with a composition strongly influenced by the anions of the solution [13 16].
The pH dependence of the reaction rate is attributed to the pH dependent properties of the passive iron surface.
It is concluded that the outstanding corrosion resistance and the high repassivation rate of the amorphous alloy with 13% P may be mainly attributed to the enrichment of phosphorus underneath the passive film, reducing to a great extent the ionic conductivity of the interface, and to the incorporation of chromium oxyhydroxide and phosphates in the passive film.
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