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The variation in hardness of the magnetron co-sputtered Ni Al coatings could be attributed to the grain size and microstructure evolution.
The main contribution to the mechanical strength of the alloys is attributed to the grain boundary strengthening in Cu referring to the Hall Petch relation, which is quantified.
Such enhancements of the mechanical properties of the B4C-dispersed Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 are attributed to the grain boundary hardening and second-phase hardening.
The LENS- produced AlCoCrFeNi alloy exhibited an average microhardness of approximately 543 HV0.5; this was approximately 13% higher than the hardness in the as-cast state and can be attributed to the grain refinemet in the LENS- produced alloy.
The deformation and failure of soft rock affected by hydro-mechanical (HM) effect are one of the most concerns in geotechnical engineering, which are basically attributed to the grain sliding of soft rock.
The improvement of the mechanical performance is mainly attributed to the grain refinement by the primary Al3(Sc, Zr) and the dispersion strengthening of the secondary Al3(Sc, Zr).
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The strength and elongation show strong dependence on the volume fraction of the coarse grains, and the high strength can be attributed to the ultrafine grain size of the nanograined regions and precipitation hardening by the oxide dispersoids.
For samples of CaCu2.9Ti4O12, the lower dielectric constant can be attributed to the smaller grain boundary areas and the difficulty in the development of domains inside the fine grains.
This is attributed to the small grain size and associated Hall Petch hardening.
It was demonstrated that the outstanding mechanical properties were mainly attributed to the fine grain size and the strengthening phase Al11La3, which was in high volume fraction, fine acicular/lamellar morphology, "orderly stack" distribution and excellent thermal stability.
The apparent contradiction between the thermodynamic data and the observed densification trend is attributed to the reduced grain growth that trapped the system in a metastable configuration.
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