Comparing the selected haplotypes from different populations will also allow the inference of whether the signals across different populations are attributed to the same evolutionary event, or whether they are independent and are the consequence of convergent evolution.
The contrasting patterns of gene flow between the two riparian/non-riparian species pairs may be attributed to the different evolutionary history of divergence, reflecting different level of adaptive divergence in each system.
Across the XCR, we observe that nearly all clusters share a similarly high level of repeat density, which may be attributed to the long evolutionary time that the XCR has been without homologous X-Y recombination, resulting in saturation in the density of repetitive elements across this region.
This difference of approximately 405 log units cannot solely be attributed to the difference in evolutionary model estimates, given that these differ only slightly between both approaches.
Low bootstrap support and short branch lengths that obscure intrageneric relationships within Bambusa can be attributed to the relatively close evolutionary relationships of these species, which is reflected in high sequence similarity accompanied with a weak phylogenetic signal.
It is tempting to speculate that the difference between the results obtained here and those reported previously [ 4] can be attributed to the difference in the evolutionary relationships between the pairs of species compared in the two studies.
The results presented here demonstrate that this pattern cannot be attributed to vertical descent from some totipotent LUCA, and instead illustrate that the patterns we see can be attributed to the disconnect between the evolutionary history of reproduction and gene mobility.
In conclusion, our results suggest that the MYH9 risk alleles and haplotypes are notably differentiated among human populations that can be attributed to the interplay of geographic, demographic and evolutionary factors, leading to striking differences between African and non-African populations in genetic risk for chronic kidney disease.
Several evolutionary advances are attributed to the elaboration of the outer subventricular zone (oSVZ) (Bayatti et al., 2008; Smart et al., 2002; Zecevic et al., 2005).
Both can confer evolutionary advantages [ 44– 46] attributed to the plasticity of plant genomes and to increased genetic variability, generating individuals capable of exploiting new niches [ 47].
