Therefore, it will be of particularly great interest to determine whether the different spectra of target genes might be attributed to the cell type and/or the recognition sequence.
The effect of CFA on diabetes prevention has been attributed to various cell types, including tolerogenic macrophages [24], suppressor T cells [25], and more recently NK cells [23].
The beneficial effects include amelioration of blood flow [ 17, 50] and reduction of ischemic damage, which cannot be attributed to single cell types but have to involve different cellular compartments including endothelial, parenchymal and immune cells.
We demonstrate that the inclusion of a diverse source of diseased and normal pancreatic tissues for analysis using DNA microarrays enhances the identification of gene expression patterns that can be attributed to specific cell types and pancreatic diseases.
Using this novel approach, we found that although microglia and macrophages are the main sources of NOX enzymes activity, a significant fraction could not be attributed to those cell types.
Thus, these results confirm that aPPD exerts opposite pharmacological effects on these different cell types and this cell-type-specific, bidirectional phenomenon can be attributed to the cell-type-specific difference in the activity of aPPD in raft-associated Akt signaling.
To ensure that none of our findings could be attributed to confounding due to cell type distribution, we removed of probes associating with cell types (which in fact showed very strong associations with case-control status; data not shown).
The elevated levels of IGF2 identified in whole liver lysates could not be attributed to a particular cell type in the liver since liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (Fig 3J), hepatocytes (Fig 3K), and HSC (Supplementary Fig S20) were all identified as source of IGF2.
This occurs because experiments performed in cell cultures may not be applicable to in vivo environments and some of the literature variation can be attributed to the tumour cell type chosen for experiments and the demands of host tissues.
Varzakas et al. [29] observed an irregular pattern of enzyme uptake by soybeans, which they attributed to heterogeneity in cell type and orientation throughout the bean.
