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In a study in Australia, Mackenzie et al. (1992) found the risk of pterygium to be increased several hundred-fold among participants who worked mainly on sand, compared with those who worked indoors, and attributed the risk to the high surface reflectance of ultraviolet light.
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Because diabetes is strongly associated with CAD, it is plausible to attribute the risk of heart failure associated with diabetes to the effects of CAD.
Failing to account for risk, that is attributed to pollutants differently when considered together, especially as concentrations increase, can lead to faulty assumptions regarding which pollutants to attribute the risk.
When attributing the risk resulting from sustained treatment discontinuation to the biologic the patient had received before, we found in this secondary analysis no increase in the mortality risk in patients ever exposed to TNFα inhibitors or rituximab (HR=0.85; 95% CI 0.67 to 1.08).
For instance, ADHD drug treatment may be only an indicator of the disorder or its comorbid conditions, which themselves might increase susceptibility for suicidal behaviour, 19 so attributing the risk of suicidal behaviour simply to ADHD drug treatment may be unreasonable.
The Rhode Island department of health attributed the rise to "high-risk behaviors that have become more common in recent years", which it said included "using social media to arrange casual and often anonymous sexual encounters".
While hepatotoxicity was described for all antiretroviral classes, ritonavir was attributed the highest risk among all drugs [ 1, 2].
Some attributed the increased risk of childhood leukemia near the nuclear plant to population mixing and a yet unidentified infectious agent [ 69, 77, 78].
The team identified nine general impacts to penguin populations, but attributed the greatest risks to ongoing habitat destruction from livestock and introduced species, pollution from oil spills and marine debris, and food scarcity and injury resulting from increased fishing pressure.
This association was attributed to the risk of the A1-B8 DRB1*03 haplotype.
The PAR% represents the proportion of VLBW that can be attributed to the risk factor of interest.
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Justyna Jupowicz-Kozak
CEO of Professional Science Editing for Scientists @ prosciediting.com