Hence, the chess-turk was the first extensively documented example of attributed intelligence to an anthropomorphic agent [3].
Similarly, game partners were attributed increasing intelligence the more they appeared human-like (linear trend of attributed intelligence: F 1,19) = 9.21; p<.005).
Further, behavioural indices clearly documented the hypothesized direction of the effect of human-likeness: the more a game partner exhibited human-like features (CPattributed intelligence to their opponent.
On the basis of this historical record, we are able to claim that human beings are intelligent; and we can rely upon this claim when we attribute intelligence to individual human beings on the basis of their behavior.
According to Schweizer, if we are to attribute intelligence to machines, we need to be able to advert to a comparable historical record of cognitive achievements.
When we attribute intelligence to human beings, we rely on an extensive historical record of the intellectual achievements of human beings.
Similarly, it is not clear whether Mulhall and Diamond would hold that humans were required to treat Martians as moral equals, even if they could attribute intelligence and moral sensitivity to them.
Thus several in this group of critics argue that speed affects our willingness to attribute intelligence and understanding to a slow system, such as that in the Chinese Room.
So, it will only be when machines have developed languages, written scientific treatises, composed symphonies, invented games, and the like, that we shall be in a position to attribute intelligence to individual machines on the basis of their behavior.
Yet, I came to understand that none of these qualities that I feel I embody -- my "off-stage" abilities, assets, attributes, intelligence, virtues, accomplishments, even talent -- that comprise the full person I am -- indeed, the person I have made myself into being -- these qualities that I think of as going into the "mark" of a woman -- none of them mattered to the judges.
Figures quoted in the media, attributed to intelligence sources, put the numbers at between 30 and 100.
