About one in three (35 percent) respondents attributed high unemployment levels to the actions of Wall Street, compared with 45 percent in 2010.
Mr. Ward could not be reached for comment, but in an interview with The Independent newspaper, he attributed high cocoa prices to "market fundamentals" after two years of production shortages.
Another English physician, Sir Percivall Pott, offered the first description of occupational risk in 1775 when he attributed high incidences of scrotal cancer among chimney sweeps to their contact with coal soot.
Mr. Bush attributed high prices to the lack of refining capacity and said opening the Arctic refuge, a proposal that Democrats and environmentalists have long opposed, would enable the United States to produce a million additional barrels of oil a day.
Public-interest groups began raising concerns about the potential for invalidated ballots this winter, citing a study in June 2009 by the Florida Fair Elections Coalition that attributed high numbers of overvoting in Florida's 2008 elections to flaws in some electronic voting systems.
The previous studies attributed high maternal mortality and poor maternal health care to meager health expenditure by the state, highlighting the need for a more focused study of disadvantaged groups.
