Davidson appears to be employing a very high standard for attributing concepts to animals.
The trouble here, however, is to explain what makes these indexicals higher-order in content without attributing concepts like experience of green to the animal.
In contrast, most philosophers who are happy to attribute concepts to animals do so because of a wealth of data that are best explained by appealing to an internal system of representation (e.g., Bermudez 2003; for overviews within cognitive science, see Gallistel 1990, Hauser 2000, Bekoff, Allen, & Burghardt 2002, and Shettleworth 2010).
Barrie (2006) showed that variation in teaching and learning approaches in the classroom reflects different individual understandings of the graduate attributes concept.
Barrie (2006) identified four academics' understandings of the graduate attributes concept: 1) as basic precursory abilities that students bring to universities; 2) as useful additional skills that complement or round out graduates; 3) as abilities that transform discipline knowledge through their application; 4) as integral abilities in discipline knowledge rather than learning outcomes.
One of the problems related to applications of rough set methods is whether the whole set of attributes (concepts) is necessary and, if not, how to determine the simplified and still sufficient subset of attributes that preserves the distinguishability information of the original one, called reduct.
Words and phrases provided by the subjects were selected using the coding dictionary and grouped into key themes, attributes, concepts and relationships.
These methods are based on diverse attributes, concepts, or data types, such as interolog [ 13], gene expression profiles [ 14], gene ontology (GO) annotations [ 15], domain interactions [ 16], co-evolution [ 17], and structural information [ 18].
On the other hand, when UML class and attribute concepts (object classes and properties in the metadata) were post-coordinated in the metadata; it was not necessary or even possible to maintain structural synchrony with NCI Thesaurus.
Let's hope there are exceptions.JOHN KNIGHTS Chairman LeaderShape OxfordGovernment and markets"Of rules and order" (May 9th) rightly attributed the concept of a strong government setting the framework for free markets to the Austrian school associated with Friedrich Hayek.
