However, for some of the models, geographic distance explained a considerable proportion of the total intraspecific variation, which suggests that this part of the observed variation is potentially attributable to isolation-by-distance.
Mothers in separated families experience an extreme level of stress, emotional instability, and struggles in everyday life attributable to social isolation, financial hardship, and institutionalized constraints for transnational wives (Huang and Yeoh 2011).
This high FST indicates extensive genetic divergence, attributable to geographic isolation and a lack of gene flow between Shimaa and other populations.
Also, the refugial areas represent relatively small geographic areas (e.g. Japan) compared to the vast glaciated regions (e.g., much of North America), so the divergence patterns are not attributable solely to isolation by distance.
This was achievable because two other nodes within the Nicotiana tree have been previously dated based on speciation events attributable to the geographical isolation of Nicotiana populations on Pacific Ocean islands with known geological ages [43].
The authors of these articles often draw attention to the fact that many of the differences could be attributable to variation in isolation or culture technique as well as different handling between research groups.
However in these previous studies it cannot be determined if the changes are attributable to pain reduction in isolation as the methods used failed to target pain in isolation, instead using either ill-defined manual therapy [ 25] or superficial heat [ 24], which are known to affect the properties of musculoskeletal tissues [ 26, 27].
This discrepancy might be attributable to differences in DNA isolation procedure (yield and quality) and qPCR preparation (PCR chemistry, sample DNA load, etc).
We measure seasonal incidence from USA CDC influenza surveillance reports for each virus lineage (A/H3N2, A/H1N1, B/Vic, B/Yam) by taking the average influenza-like (ILI) percentage in a season and multiplying this by the relative proportion of virus isolations attributable to a particular influenza lineage in a season (see 'Materials and methods').
28 Given the absence of effect of the interventions on MSSA, the decline in MRSA prior to interventions, the strain specificity of the effect on MRSA and the difficulty of demonstrating the effect of an intervention package on MRSA isolation, 14 we find it difficult to estimate how much, if any, of the observed decline in MRSA isolations is attributable to recent infection-control measures.
Again the distance is not attributable to inbreeding (F IS = 0.030), but to isolation of this breed in a very secluded valley of Italian Alps.
