However, the main feature of the proposed method is the use of PSO, which provides an attractive gradient-free alternative to complicated sensitivity analysis.
In this paper we consider cells which exhibit both repulsive and attractive gradient sensing responses and aim to uncover the underlying design principles and features of how the networks are wired which could allow a cell to exhibit both responses.
This indicated that media derived from HDFs provide an attractive gradient for HCT116 cells and provides strong evidence that HDFs promote the migratory and invasive phenotype of colon cancer cells (P<0.05, n=3).
Interestingly, pre-exposure of DC to IL-8 restrains subsequent migration towards IL-8 chemo-attractive gradients indicating desensitization of the receptors.
(A ) Illustrative trajectory of a larva freely moving in an attractive odor gradient (isoamyl acetate, source concentration: 0.25 M).
We performed chemotaxis assays and separated the animals into two populations that did or did not navigate up an attractive BZ gradient.
Modulation of attractive and repulsive gradients leads to erroneous pathfinding with misprojections.
However, if the sample is more complex, the use of longer columns is more attractive as longer gradients are necessary to achieve sufficient separation.
An attractive (repulsive) force gradient acting between tip and sample results in a positive (negative) shift of the resonance frequency.
These experiments showed that anions (Cl−, Br−, I−) and cations (Na+, Li+, K+, Mg2+) are attractive when peak gradient concentrations are 2 20 mM [3].
